学过语文的人都知道汉语拼音的重要性,它是读书、认字的基础,也是今后查阅资料以及提高各方面水平的不可缺少的拐杖。音标在英语中的作用和拼音在汉语中的作用一样,学好音标是学好英语的基础,学习和掌握好音标是英语教学的一个重点。
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 | 读音 | 例词 | |
a | 在开音节中 | [ei] | name plane Jane baby cake |
在闭音节中 | [?] | bag dad hat map black back | |
e | 在开音节中 | [i:] | he these me Chinese |
在闭音节中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | |
i | 在开音节中 | [ai] | bike fly drive time nice kite |
在闭音节中 | [i] | fish big drink sit milk swim | |
o | 在开音节中 | [ou] | those close go hoe home no |
在闭音节中 | [] | clock not box shop sock | |
u | 在开音节中 | [ju:] | student excuse duty Tuesday |
在闭音节中 | [] | bus cup jump much lunch | |
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super |
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 | 读音 | 例词 |
a | [] | Chinaanother woman breakfast |
[i] | orange comrade village cabbage | |
e | [] | hundred student open weekend |
[i] | chicken pocket begin children | |
i | []/[i] | holiday beautiful family animal |
[ai] | exercise satellite | |
o | [] | second tonight somebody welcome |
[u] | alsozerophoto | |
u | [] | autumn diffcult |
[ju:] | popular congratulation January | |
1动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate | ||
又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue |
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[ ]音,也可以读作[i]音。
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 | 读音 | 例词 |
a在[w]音后面 | [] | want what watch wash quality |
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [α:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father |
i在-nd -ld和gh前 | [ai] | find child light high |
o在-st -ld前 | [ou] | most postcard old cold |
o在m n v th前 | [] | come monkey love mother |
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读音 | 例词 |
ar | [α:] | car farm dark sharpener |
[:] | warm quarter towards | |
or | [:] | forty morning short |
[:] | word worker worse | |
er ir ur | [:] | certainly bird Thursday |
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry sorry hurry | ||
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday |
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读音 | 例词 |
are | [ε] | care dare hare |
ere | [i] | here mere |
ire | [ai] | fire hire wire |
ore | [:] | more score before |
ure | [ju] | pure cure |
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure | ||
重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。例如:parent zerostoryduring inspiring | ||
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph |
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读音 | 例词 |
ai/ay | [ei] | afraid rain wait day play |
air | [ε] | air hair chair pair repair |
al al在f m前 | [] | small ball talk wallall |
[:l] | always also salt almost | |
[α:] | half calm | |
au/aw | [:] | autumn daughter draw |
ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please |
[e] | heavy bread sweater weather | |
[ei] | break great | |
ear | [i] | heardearnearclearyear |
[ε] | bearpearwearswear | |
[:] | earth learnearly | |
ee | [i:] | jeep week green three |
eer | [i] | pioneer deer beer |
ei/ey | [ei] | eight neighbour they |
[i:] | eitherkey | |
eu/ew在 | [ju:] | new few newspaper |
[u:] | flewbrewjewelry | |
ie/ei[s]音之后 | [i:] | piece field receive |
oa | [ou] | coat Joan boat goal |
oar/oor | [:] | roarboard doorfloor |
oi/oy | [i] | noise point boy toilet |
oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school |
[u] | book look cook foot good | |
ou/ow | [au] | flower house count down |
[ou] | knowrowthrowthough | |
[] | young country enough | |
[u:] | group yousoup | |
our | [:] | course yourfour |
[au] | ourhourours | |
[:] | journey | |
ui | [ju:i] | fluid suicide tuition |
[u:] | juice fruit suit |
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 | 读音 | 例词 |
ai/ay ei/ey | [i] | Sundayforeign monkey |
ow | [ou] | yellowsparrowtomorrow |
元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。例如:neighbourserious famous biscuit coffee | ||
-sion -tion | [n] | impressionnation |
-sion在元音字母后 | [n] | visiondecisionoccasion |
-tion在s后 | [n] | questionsuggestion |
-sten | [sn] | listen |
-stle | [sl] | whistle |
-sure | [] | pleasuremeasure |
-ture | [] | pictureculture |
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 |
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 |
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 | 读音 | 例词 |
b | [b] | bikebusbag |
[/] | bomb tomb | |
c | [k] | cake picturecoat music |
[s] | face decidecinema | |
ch | [] | muchchick richteacher |
[k] | school headachechemistry | |
[] | machineChicago | |
-ck | [k] | cockpocket blackknock |
d | [d] | doctor breadhandday |
-dge | [] | bridgefridge |
dr- | [dr] | childrendriverdrink |
f | [f] | fivefour breakfast |
g | [] | baggardongo |
[] | orange largeGerman | |
gh | [f] | coughenough |
[/] | light daughter high | |
gu- -gue | [] | guess leaguedialogue |
[w] | language anguish | |
h | [h] | hotheadhousehand |
[/] | hour honest | |
j | [] | jeepjarjokejoinJuly |
k | [k] | kind bike skate make week |
kn- | [n] | knifeknowknock |
l | [l] | life milk schooltall |
m | [m] | monkey come autumn |
-mn | [m] | autumncolumnsolemn |
n | [n] | not shine tennote |
[] | uncle thank hungry | |
-ng | [] | morningyoungwrong |
p | [p] | paperplanepig shippen |
ph | [f] | elephantphoto telephone |
q | [k] | Iraq |
qu- | [kw] | qualityquite |
r | [r] | redrubberruler |
s在词首或清辅音前 | [s] | sitsleep desk |
[z] | music husband | |
sc- | [sk] | scarlet |
[s] | musclescience | |
sh | [] | she fish shirt wash |
t在通常情况下 | [t] | ten letter meet |
[] | patient nation | |
tch | [] | watch |
th在通常情况下 | [θ] | thinthirty method |
[] | thethese withthan | |
[] | clothe father weather | |
tr- | [tr] | treetrain countrytruck |
v | [v] | veryvoice love leave |
w | [w] | weekwinwake sweetwait |
[/] | answer two | |
wh- | [w] | whatwhenwhitewhy |
[h] | whowhosewhole | |
x | [ks] | boxtext exercise |
[gz] | examle exist exact | |
wr- | [r] | write |
y- | [j] | yesyardyellowyoung |
z | [z] | puzzlezerozoo |
十、英语语音名词解释
1.音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。 |
2.音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。 |
3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 |
4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. |
5.闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如:bageggfishnotcup |
6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 |
7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 |